Long axe

Distinct from smaller hand axes, two-handed ‘Danish’ axes were characteristic of viking elites and were the trademark weapon of the professional hearth-troops of the eleventh century Anglo-Danish kings – the huscarls. They appear to date from the tenth century onwards, so should not be used at earlier shows.

Long Axes in the Vikings Society

Illustration of a daneaxe

Weapon Specifications - Long Axe Minimum Length: 1.20 m Maximum Length: 1.70 m The length is defined as measured from the Butt to either the Stop or the uppermost point of the Head, whichever is the longer. The edges of the blade must be no less than 2.0mm, semicircular profile. Blade points and corners must be rounded to a minimum of 18.0mm diameter (5p coin). The head may be fitted from either end, i.e. can be either “top” or “bottom” hafted. The head must be securely fitted with no significant movement. Wedges must be made of wood. Apart from the blade, no other metal components are allowed. For example, but not limited to, collars, studs, wedges and end stops. The shaft should be smooth with no splinters. A portion of the shaft below the head may be wrapped in leather, rawhide or twine. Any such wrapping should be glued or stitched, not tacked. The axe head may be made from mild steel. The latest published specification is available as a .pdf here.

Restrictions and Notes on Use of Long Axes Specialist Long Axe Assessment is required to use the Long Axe. May be used for cutting & thrusting. May not be used to hook limbs or bodies. If a warrior is hooked and cannot be immediately disengaged, the axe must be discarded safely.

The larger Dane axeheads should be wedge-shaped, with either curving or semi-straight edges. Dane axeheads may be decorated with gold or silver wire inlaid into the axehead.

• Axeheads must be secured so that the axehead will not fly off the top
• Axeheads should not have sharp points – the tips should be curved to match a 5 pence coin
• Axe shafts must be smooth and unsplintered

Long axes in the Sagas

"When Kveldulf came aft to the stern-castle, he brandished high his battle-axe, and smote Hallvard right through helm and head, so that the axe sank in even to the shaft; then he snatched it back towards him so forcibly that he whirled Hallvard aloft, and slung him overboard."

- Egil's Saga, Chapter 27

"Steinthor Olafson rushed at him and struck him a blow on the neck just above his shoulders with a great axe, severing his head cleanly".

- The Saga of the People of Laxardal, Chapter 55

Images of long axes

Harold Godwineson and huscarls with long axes, from the Bayeux Tapestry.

Two huscarls using long axes to deadly effect.

A 10th century Long Axe head found in the River Thames. Now in the British Museum Collection, the blade is 28cm long.